The paper presents the results of investigations of physical properties and chemical composition of barley straw, corn, oats, wheat and rapeseed. The parameters determined included moisture content of raw materials, granulometric composition, average particle size, density in the bulk state, density in the shaken up state, angle of slide, angle of repose. Raw materials were tested and to determine the chemical composition of the contents: fat, protein, ash, fibres, digestible carbohydrates. The results were evaluated statistically. The mean values, standard deviations and the significance of differences of mean values of the physical and chemical quantities of ingredients depending on the material were determined. It was found that there is a different variation of the distribution of values of the various physical and chemical properties, and that these properties depend significantly on the type of straw.