Despite the vast scale of transformations in the hydro- and pedo-sphere, the high rate of the biological activity of phytocenotic systems, especially in fenland areas , has still been preserved. The above characteristic creates a realistic chance for rescuing or even enriching ecosystems which are already seriously endangered today. However, it would require many complex and long-term studies on the ecological processes taking place in the endangered ecosystems and the activities leading to the re-naturalization of the often large tracts of fenland ecosystems in the functional area of the Polesie Nature Park which gradually, and sometimes rapidly, degrade. The studies undertaken hope to gain knowledge on some of the phenomena taking place in the degraded and threatened ecosystems in the functional area of this Park. The following issues remain to be resolved: – the influence of the increasingly dangerous anthropogenic threats (development, recreation, coal mining) on the functioning and natural status of the physio-cenoses of the Park and adjacent regions needs to be addressed; – mining deformation of the earth's surface and its influence on the formation of water relations and the functioning of lake and fenland ecosystems located in the functional area of the Polesie Natural Park needs to be examined; – the processes taking place in the geochemical and biotic structure of the fenland ecosystems under the influence of the anthropogenic transformations of the natural environment need to be identified; – protection and regeneration regulations for degraded and endangered fenland ecosystems need to be prepared.